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Agartala, Sep 12, 2011 : Proximity with Bangladesh and also trans-border movement from both sides increased the risk of Hepatitis infection manifold in Tripura and West Bengal.
Dr Pradip Bhowmik , associate professor of Medicine in Agartala Government Medical College. Dr Bhowmik who also heads the HB foundation conducted an intensive study on the subject .'Similarities in language and cultural tradition always result in close interaction between people of Bangladesh and India and the transborder movement is also very high ; this is the reason why incidence of HBV is very high in bordering Indian states' said Dr Bhowmik in his keynote address in a seminar on the threat posed by the deadly HB virus and the ways of tackling with the menace.
The prevalence of HBV in Bangladesh ranges between 2-8% but there is no authentic study of the incidence of HBV in West Bengal and Tripura . However, in the course of his study Dr Bhowmik has found the incidence of HBV in Tripura to be 2-8%. However, a study conducted by Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) has established that incidence of HBV among Reang tribesmen in Dhalai district is an alarming 13%. According to estimates made by HB foundation of Tripura on the basis of field study incidence of HBV among health care provider fraternity is an alarming 11% though in West Bengal it is only 2% . 'Comprehensive understanding about transborder transmission of HBV need specific epidemiological consideration' said Sr Bhownmik in his paper.
The more alarming aspect of Dr Bhowmik's study is that most of the people living close to border areas of India and Bangladesh are unaware of the HBV infection status though many of them are 'chronic HBV carriers'. 'Almost all the carriers have developed progressive liver diseases with advanced hepatic necrosis and fibrosis and , as they are unaware of their HBV infectivity , they may transmit HBV to healthy individuals' said Dr Bhowmik in his paper. He has called for utmost care in the matter of blood tranfusion to and from transborder travellers so that their overall health condition is put under thorough scrutiny before such transfusion to and from. Focussing on the risk factor of higher level of incidence of HBV Dr Bhowmik has pointed that many people from Bangladesh travel to West Bengal and other parts of India for treatment and they may act as transmitters of the HBV from ignorance of their own status as carriers of the deadly virus.
In order to contain the involuntary transmission of the HBV Dr Bhowmik has suggested checking of HBV DNA of transborder travellers. 'Checking the HBV infection should not be limited to assessment of Hepatitis-B surface antigen only but the HBV DNA should also be checked' said Dr Bhowmik. He has also called for stict surveillance over health condition of drug-abusers on both sides of the border because the menace of drug addiction has been growing on both sides of the border.
Interestingly, Dr Bhaumik said, medical researchers found in a Hepatitis study Tripura tribals’s anthropological connections with China. The anthropological ancestry of the Tripura tribals – a group of Bodo origin- was all along been a subject of discussion as many claim they actually belonged to Tibeto Burmese origin. But many tribal intellectuals always claimed that the Tripuri communities trace their ancestry to the Chinese. The new research result is now likely to give a new twist to the issue.
Dr Pradip Bhaumik, said, a particular type of Hepatitis strain was found in Tripura and which is predominant in China. Prevalence of this particular strain apparently supported the claim of human migration from China to Tripura.
“Recent Hepatitis B prevalence studies conducted in Tripura state found presence of a particular Hepatitis strain in Tripura which is also predominant in Far East China. The finding confirms the missing link between the NE regional Indo-Mongolians with China, the origin ancestors”, he said.
Elaborating the study, Dr Bhaumik, Associate Professor of Medicine Dept of Agartala Government Medical College, said, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) has its varied sub genotypes and net totally it’s ten genotypes of HBV identified as ‘A’ to ‘J’. All genotypes except for E, G and H are further subdivided into different sub genotypes and have been labeled by using the nomenclature 1, 2, 3, etc. Among them C is subdivided into 9 and 12 sub genotypes respectively namely B1-B9 and C1-C12 while 8 sub genotypes of D have so far been described (D1-D8).
The analysis revealed the presence of three distinct HBV genotypes D, C and A among the HBV infected patients of Tripura, the genotype D being most prevalent (86.5 percent) followed by genotypes C (8.1per cent) and A (5.4 per cent) respectively.
The genotype D isolates were found to be most divergent and the presence of four sub genotypes namely D1, D2, D3 and D4 could be detected. Among the sub genotypes, D4 (50 per cent) was most abundant. However, in case of HBV belonging to genotypes C and A, only a single sub genotype of the respective genotypes namely C2 and A1 were identified. Thus the preliminary data indicate a distinct epidemiology of HBV genotype in Tripura.
The presence of D4 sub genotype in such a significant proportion was not reported from any other part of the country including Eastern India.
“Interestingly, in contrast to C1 sub genotype found in Eastern India and which is also prevalent in South East Asia (Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar), in Tripura HBV/C strains were found to be exclusively of C2 sub genotype. This particular sub genotype is predominantly found in Far East (China, Japan and Korea) and appears to support the claims of human migration from China to North-Eastern India”, Dr Bhaumik said
Agartala, Sep 12, 2011 : Proximity with Bangladesh and also trans-border movement from both sides increased the risk of Hepatitis infection manifold in Tripura and West Bengal.
Dr Pradip Bhowmik , associate professor of Medicine in Agartala Government Medical College. Dr Bhowmik who also heads the HB foundation conducted an intensive study on the subject .'Similarities in language and cultural tradition always result in close interaction between people of Bangladesh and India and the transborder movement is also very high ; this is the reason why incidence of HBV is very high in bordering Indian states' said Dr Bhowmik in his keynote address in a seminar on the threat posed by the deadly HB virus and the ways of tackling with the menace.
The prevalence of HBV in Bangladesh ranges between 2-8% but there is no authentic study of the incidence of HBV in West Bengal and Tripura . However, in the course of his study Dr Bhowmik has found the incidence of HBV in Tripura to be 2-8%. However, a study conducted by Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) has established that incidence of HBV among Reang tribesmen in Dhalai district is an alarming 13%. According to estimates made by HB foundation of Tripura on the basis of field study incidence of HBV among health care provider fraternity is an alarming 11% though in West Bengal it is only 2% . 'Comprehensive understanding about transborder transmission of HBV need specific epidemiological consideration' said Sr Bhownmik in his paper.
The more alarming aspect of Dr Bhowmik's study is that most of the people living close to border areas of India and Bangladesh are unaware of the HBV infection status though many of them are 'chronic HBV carriers'. 'Almost all the carriers have developed progressive liver diseases with advanced hepatic necrosis and fibrosis and , as they are unaware of their HBV infectivity , they may transmit HBV to healthy individuals' said Dr Bhowmik in his paper. He has called for utmost care in the matter of blood tranfusion to and from transborder travellers so that their overall health condition is put under thorough scrutiny before such transfusion to and from. Focussing on the risk factor of higher level of incidence of HBV Dr Bhowmik has pointed that many people from Bangladesh travel to West Bengal and other parts of India for treatment and they may act as transmitters of the HBV from ignorance of their own status as carriers of the deadly virus.
In order to contain the involuntary transmission of the HBV Dr Bhowmik has suggested checking of HBV DNA of transborder travellers. 'Checking the HBV infection should not be limited to assessment of Hepatitis-B surface antigen only but the HBV DNA should also be checked' said Dr Bhowmik. He has also called for stict surveillance over health condition of drug-abusers on both sides of the border because the menace of drug addiction has been growing on both sides of the border.
Interestingly, Dr Bhaumik said, medical researchers found in a Hepatitis study Tripura tribals’s anthropological connections with China. The anthropological ancestry of the Tripura tribals – a group of Bodo origin- was all along been a subject of discussion as many claim they actually belonged to Tibeto Burmese origin. But many tribal intellectuals always claimed that the Tripuri communities trace their ancestry to the Chinese. The new research result is now likely to give a new twist to the issue.
Dr Pradip Bhaumik, said, a particular type of Hepatitis strain was found in Tripura and which is predominant in China. Prevalence of this particular strain apparently supported the claim of human migration from China to Tripura.
“Recent Hepatitis B prevalence studies conducted in Tripura state found presence of a particular Hepatitis strain in Tripura which is also predominant in Far East China. The finding confirms the missing link between the NE regional Indo-Mongolians with China, the origin ancestors”, he said.
Elaborating the study, Dr Bhaumik, Associate Professor of Medicine Dept of Agartala Government Medical College, said, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) has its varied sub genotypes and net totally it’s ten genotypes of HBV identified as ‘A’ to ‘J’. All genotypes except for E, G and H are further subdivided into different sub genotypes and have been labeled by using the nomenclature 1, 2, 3, etc. Among them C is subdivided into 9 and 12 sub genotypes respectively namely B1-B9 and C1-C12 while 8 sub genotypes of D have so far been described (D1-D8).
The analysis revealed the presence of three distinct HBV genotypes D, C and A among the HBV infected patients of Tripura, the genotype D being most prevalent (86.5 percent) followed by genotypes C (8.1per cent) and A (5.4 per cent) respectively.
The genotype D isolates were found to be most divergent and the presence of four sub genotypes namely D1, D2, D3 and D4 could be detected. Among the sub genotypes, D4 (50 per cent) was most abundant. However, in case of HBV belonging to genotypes C and A, only a single sub genotype of the respective genotypes namely C2 and A1 were identified. Thus the preliminary data indicate a distinct epidemiology of HBV genotype in Tripura.
The presence of D4 sub genotype in such a significant proportion was not reported from any other part of the country including Eastern India.
“Interestingly, in contrast to C1 sub genotype found in Eastern India and which is also prevalent in South East Asia (Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar), in Tripura HBV/C strains were found to be exclusively of C2 sub genotype. This particular sub genotype is predominantly found in Far East (China, Japan and Korea) and appears to support the claims of human migration from China to North-Eastern India”, Dr Bhaumik said
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